Vagrant,一句话概括,即快速部署虚拟机的工具。

安装 vagrant

根据不同的操作系统平台,在 https://www.vagrantup.com/ 选择相应版本安装。

使用 vagrant

命令

  • 下载虚拟机

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      vagrant box add <name>     # 添加镜像
      vagrant box list           # 查看镜像
      vagrant box remove <name>  # 删除镜像

    可以在 https://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search 查找需要的虚拟机,提前下载。如果不下载的话,在后面用 up 启动的时候也会自动下载。

  • 初始化虚拟机

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      vagrant init <name>
  • 启动虚拟机

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      vagrant up

    不同的系统有其对应默认的虚拟机,但也可以用 --provider 指定,如 hyperv、libvirt、virtualbox、VMware 等。

  • 重载虚拟机

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      vagrant reload

    在修改 vagrantfile 配置文件后需要重启生效。

  • 查看虚拟机

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      vagrant status
  • 登录虚拟机

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      vagrant ssh
      vagrant rdp

    根据不同的虚拟机的操作系统,选用不同方式登录。

  • 停开虚拟机

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      vagrant suspend  # 挂起
      vagrant resume   # 恢复
      vagrant halt     # 关机
  • 销毁虚拟机

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      vagrant destory

自定义 Vagrantfile

使用 vagrant init 会生成一个 Vagrantfile。

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# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.

  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
  # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
  config.vm.box = "centos-7"

  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
  # config.vm.box_check_update = false

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
  # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
  # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"

  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
  # using a specific IP.
  # config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
  # your network.
  # config.vm.network "public_network"

  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
  # argument is a set of non-required options.
  # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"

  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
  # Example for VirtualBox:
  #
  # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
  #   vb.gui = true
  #
  #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
  #   vb.memory = "1024"
  # end
  #
  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
  # information on available options.

  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
  # Ansible, Chef, Docker, Puppet and Salt are also available. Please see the
  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
  # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  #   apt-get update
  #   apt-get install -y apache2
  # SHELL
end

除去注释,实际仅为三行内容:

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Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  config.vm.box = "centos-7"
end

它是一个采用 ruby 语法的配置文件。HH 如果需要更多的调整,则需要变更其他配置。

  • config.vm.network:可以配置网络,如端口转发、私有网络、公有网络;
  • config.vm.syncedfolder:可以配置同步目录;
  • config.vm.provider:可以调整虚机类型;
  • config.vm.provision:可以构造自动任务。